Flag

We stand with Ukraine and our team members from Ukraine. Here are ways you can help

Home ›› Content and Copy ›› Content as Conversation

Content as Conversation

by Ginny Redish
6 min read
Share this post on
Tweet
Share
Post
Share
Email
Print

Save

Thinking of content as a two-way conversation with users for better, friendlier interactions.

Every use of your website is a conversation started by a site visitor.

Think about it: why do people come to your site or app?

IA, Search, Design, and Technology All Support the Content

Site visitors and app users come for the content. Of course, the information architecture (IA) and the site search must make that content easy to find. The design must be attractive and usable. The technology must work.

But IA, search, design, and technology are all there to support the content that people come for: the words and images that make up the conversations between your visitors and your site or app.

People asking questions

Planning Successful Conversations

Planning is critical for successful conversations. I find that answering these three questions helps greatly for everything I write (even emails):

  • Why? What do I want to achieve by writing this bit of content?
  • Who? With whom am I conversing?
  • When and why? What brings those people to my site or app? What are their top tasks? Top questions? Conversations they want to start?
Why?

As you state your goals, make them specific, measurable, and focused on what you want your site visitors to do.

Frowny Face

We want to tell people how great our services are.

Smiley Face

We want people to choose our services.

Who?

To have people to converse with, you need personas. You probably have personas for your site or app, but do you converse with them? As you plan, organize, and write each bit of content, think about which persona (or a new persona) is going to come for that content. “Hear” that persona’s conversation. What question is she asking? What words are in his head as he searches for what he needs?

When and why will they come?

Focusing on your site visitors’ or app users’ top tasks and questions will make you a good conversational partner. The Kelly Blue Book site—the place to go to find out the value of a used car—does that well:

Blue Book Screenshot

www.kbb.com

Writing Successful Conversations

Many of the guidelines for good web writing come from research in linguistics where people study successful (and less successful) conversations. Let’s look at four guidelines:

  • Take turns with headings
  • Converse with personal pronouns
  • Invoke action with verbs
  • Write visually with fragments and lists
Take turns with headings

Don’t hog the conversation. Headings, especially question headings, are your site visitor’s turns in the conversation. Headings break up the information, create visual separation, make information manageable, and provide context (assuming they are relevant and well written). The headings in this content from NetDoctor in the UK show how to converse well on health topics:

Net Doctor UK

www.netdoctor.co.uk

Headings don’t have to be questions. Great headings can also be:

  • Key message statements. You “hear” the question the visitor is asking and answer it right in the heading.
  • Calls to action. Your conversation is answering, “What should I do?” or “How do I . . .?” questions.
Converse with personal pronouns

Your website or app is your customer service department, your marketing department, and your ordering department. Websites and apps are meant to help people serve themselves. They are the way you have a phone conversation without the cost of the call. Write as if you were speaking or texting with your customer.

Frowny Face

The student must register and the fee payment process started before the first day of classes or the student will be purged from classes.

Smiley Face

You must register and arrange to pay before the first day of classes. If you don’t, we will take you off the class list.

Invoke action with verbs

A usable website or app is one in which people can:

  • find what they need,
  • understand what they find, and
  • act appropriately on that understanding.

You want people to act—to buy, donate, join, understand and use information. You probably have action buttons on your site or app. Do you also promote action with your writing or do you bury the action in nouns?

Frowny Face

Upon successful completion of the online renewal transaction, printing your membership card will be an option.

Smiley Face

Renew online. Then print your membership card.

Write visually with fragments and lists

In conversation, we don’t always speak in complete sentences. We answer with pieces of information (fragments). We tick items off on our fingers (lists). Do that in writing, too.

People don’t come to your site or app because they want to spend time reading (with obvious exceptions such as news sites or eBooks). They come for information.

When you come to blogs or an online magazine like UX Magazine, you are probably coming to get new ideas to help you act and to improve your own work.

Consider the following example in which the writer is soliciting comments. Which version does a better job of meeting both site visitors’ needs and the writer’s goal?

Frowny Face Smiley Face text comments visual fragment

As you write, think through the conversation you are having with your site visitor.

Marketing at the Right Time in the Conversation

Marketing online is different from direct mail or email marketing. When you send out mail, you start the conversation. But when someone comes to your site or app, they start the conversation.

Yes, you can distract some people with marketing on the home page, but most site visitors will bypass marketing that’s not related to their needs. Their goal on the home page is to move beyond the home page. They want to click onto a good path to just what they came for or have search find good results for their keywords.

You must first satisfy the conversation your site visitors came with before they are ready to “hear” marketing messages from you. When they are ready, you have a “marketing moment”—a time in the conversation when site visitors are most open to new suggestions. Watch for these moments.

Amazon.com is a master of both satisfying the customer’s conversation and then capitalizing on marketing moments.

Amazon screenshot

www.amazon.com

Satisfying the conversation

Customer: Should I buy this?

Amazon: It gets five stars. That’s the best.

Customer: What do other people think of it?

Amazon: Look at the customer reviews. They’re right here.

Customer: Am I getting a good deal?

Amazon: You’re saving 3%.

Customer: How quickly can I get it? Should I just go to a store?

Amazon: It’s in stock. Don’t go to the store. We can get it to you tomorrow.

Customer: It’s a gift. When I go to the store, they wrap it for me. Will you?

Amazon: Sure we will. “Gift-wrap available.”

Customer: Can I get something less expensive?

Amazon: Check out Outlet Toys.

Customer: What do I do if I want to buy it?

Amazon: Right here. Add it to your cart.

Capitalizing on marketing moments

And then Amazon adds to the conversation:

Amazon: Not ready to buy it? Add it to your wish list.

Amazon: Now that you’ve decided to buy that, don’t you also want these other puzzles? Other people also bought these.

Walking Personas through Their Conversations

You can also use the conversation model to get an early check on whether people will be able to find, understand, and use what you have in your website or app.

I hope you are usability testing your site or app, watching and listening as relevant people work with the site or app. And you may be doing A/B testing, trying out different versions in the marketplace.

You should do both usability testing and A/B testing. But first, get a good idea of how your site or app is doing by walking your personas through their conversations.

Who would come to your site or app? Why would they come? What task do they want to do? What question are they asking? What words are in their minds? What attitudes and motivation do they bring (frustrated, anxious, curious, busy, tired)?

Select a persona. Be that persona. Get into the persona’s mind and life. Then go to the site or app as that persona with the persona’s attitude, motivation, knowledge, vocabulary, and task or question.

How well does the site or app converse with you as you channel the persona? Would the persona quickly and easily find what they need, understand what they find, and know how to act?

Wrapping Up

Think of your website or app as replacing not file cabinets but phones. Whether you text or talk on your phone, you’re conversing. You interact with people. You help them achieve what they came for.

Websites and apps are our modern equivalent of phones. You create them so that people can serve themselves. Make your site or app a good conversational partner.

post authorGinny Redish

Ginny Redish,

Janice (Ginny) Redish has been helping clients and colleagues with content strategy, writing for the web, plain language, and other aspects of UX for many years.

Ginny's book, Letting Go of the Words – Writing Web Content that Works, gets raves from Amazon reviewers and blog writers. Ginny is also co-author of two of the classic books on usability techniques and has been called the “mother of usability.”

Ginny holds a Ph.D. in Linguistics from Harvard University and works from Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

For more insights from Ginny, to download two chapters of Letting Go, and to contact her, visit www.redish.net.

Tweet
Share
Post
Share
Email
Print

Related Articles

Designers should not be mere decorators, but understand language and microcopy, which is a crucial design skill, now more than ever.

Article by David Hall
The Essential Guide to Microcopy and Becoming a More Literate Designer
  • The article emphasizes the importance of microcopy in design, highlighting its role in enhancing user experiences and providing guidelines for crafting effective microcopy throughout the design process.
Share:The Essential Guide to Microcopy and Becoming a More Literate Designer
10 min read

Did you know UX Magazine hosts the most popular podcast about conversational AI?

Listen to Invisible Machines

This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Check our privacy policy and